Esto interesante controle de velocidad para motores de corriente continua tiene la capacidad de invertir la dirección de la rotación y puede usarse con motores de corriente continua o cajas de reducción de 3 a 12 V.

El circuito que presentamos hace uso de un puente H de control anti-fase para obtener del motor cambios de velocidad en ambas direcciones.

Con los transistores que usa la corriente recomendada máxima es 1 A, pero puede utilizar transistores para mayores corrientes.

La base del circuito es un oscilador con ciclo activo controlado diseñado alrededor de una de las puertas de un 4093.

Las otras tres puertas se utilizan para aplicar señales de fases opuestas en el puente que controla el motor.

Una desventaja de este circuito es que la posición de 50% del ciclo activo, que se corresponde con el motor parado, el motor consume energía y dependiendo de la aplicación puede oscilar.

En la figura 1 tenemos el diagrama completo de control de velocidad PWM con la rotación inversa.

 

   Figura 1 – Diagrama completo de control
   Figura 1 – Diagrama completo de control

 

 

   La placa de circuito impreso para el montaje se muestra en la figura 2.

 

Figura 2 - Placa de circuito impreso para el montaje
Figura 2 - Placa de circuito impreso para el montaje

 

 

   Los transistores deben estar equipados con disipadores de calor y su posición, así como el circuito integrado, debe respetarse.

Los resistores son de 1/8 W con cualquier tolerancia y el capacitor C1 debe tener su valor escogido como el motor, por lo que no vibre demasiado.

Para un mejor control, puede utilizar un potenciómetro doble, para que, cuando una sección ha aumentado la resistencia la otra ha disminuida, como se muestra en la figura 3.

 

Figura 3 – Usando potenciómetro doble
Figura 3 – Usando potenciómetro doble

 

 

 

Q1 a Q4 - TIP120 – transistor NPN Darlington de potencia

CI-1- 4093 - Circuito integrado

D1, D2 - 1N4148 - diodos de uso General

D3, D4 – 1N4004 - diodos rectificadores de silicio

R1 - 22 k ohms – resistor - rojo, rojo, naranja

R2 - 2k2 ohms – resistor – rojo, rojo, rojo

R3 a R6 - 10 k ohms – resistores - marrón, negro, naranja

P1 - 100 k ohms - potenciómetro

C1 – 1 - 220 nF - capacitor de poliéster o cerámico -Vea texto

C2 - 1 000 Uf - 16 V - capacitor electrolítico

Misceláneos:

Placa de circuito impreso, disipadores de calor o fuente o batería, alambre, soldadura, etcétera.

 

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