Hoy en día la reparación de aparatos electrónicos no está muy difundida. La idea es que, cuando no están en garantía, los aparatos de uso común se vuelven difíciles y reparados y en la mayoría de los casos deben ser descartados. En realidad, con la evolución rápida de la tecnología, cuando un aparato comienza a dar defectos, ya está superado, siendo mucho más conveniente, cambiarlo por uno nuevo.

Sin embargo, hay muchas personas que no sólo les gusta reparar equipos electrónicos, ya sea de uso propio o para un amigo, o bien recuperar cosas antiguas que tienen un valor sentimental. Otra posibilidad es para los montadores actuales, los Makers, los STEMers (Estudiantes de Electrónica de los niveles medio) que pueden saber cómo diagnosticar un problema de un montaje propio y hacer su corrección.

Así, saber lo básico de la reparación es todavía algo importante y sabiendo de eso estamos publicando en nuestro sitio este curso que se dividirá en 4 lecciones.

En él damos las tecnologías de todas las épocas, ya que nunca se sabe cuando necesitamos reparar la vieja radio de válvulas de la abuela de los años 40 o 50 como un circuito moderno de una fuente de celular o algo parecido.

Así, en ese curso haremos un recuento general de los componentes usados en los aparatos, de las herramientas e instrumentos usados en la reparación, las técnicas de diagnóstico y la corrección de los problemas.

Es claro que si el lector desea saber más, por ejemplo, el detalle del funcionamiento de componentes y circuitos, puede basarse en nuestros cursos anteriores, Electrónica Básica, Electrónica Analógica y Electrónica de Potencia además de las decenas de artículos de nuestra sección service.

El curso se basa en la edición de uno de nuestros libros de mayor éxito "Arregle todo" que contiene una versión más completa de lo que llevamos al lector y que puede ser adquirido en nuestra tienda virtual, tanto en la versión E-Book como en la versión impresa para los que todavía les gusta esta modalidad de lectura.

 

 

 

 

Indice

Curso Básico de Reparación – 1 (CUR4001S)

Curso Básico de Reparación – 2 (CUR4002S)

Curso Básico de Reparación – 3 (CUR4003S)

Curso Básico de Reparación – 4 (CUR4004S)

Curso Básico de Reparación  5 (CUR4005S)

Curso Básico de Reparación – 6 (CUR4006S)

Curso Básico de Reparación – 7 (CUR4006S) - 15/07/2019

Curso Básico de Reparación – 8 (CUR4006S) - 22/07/2019

18.903MBMemory Usage40.13msRequest Duration
Joomla! Version5.2.3
PHP Version8.3.16
Identityguest
Response200
Templatecassiopeia
Database
Server
mysql
Version
10.5.22-MariaDB
Collation
latin1_swedish_ci
Conn Collation
utf8mb4_general_ci
$_GET
[]
$_POST
[]
$_SESSION
array:1 [ "joomla" => "***redacted***" ]
$_COOKIE
array:1 [ "c2123392c06423339225f3431360b7e6" => "eve32md2d7qh6pvn1hbmtlaceh" ]
$_SERVER
array:50 [ "USER" => "apache" "HOME" => "/usr/share/httpd" "PATH_TRANSLATED" => "redirect:/ind...
session
array:3 [ "counter" => 2 "timer" => array:3 [ "start" => 1743692886 "last" => 1743692886...
registry
array:3 [ "data" => [] "initialized" => false "separator" => "." ]
user
array:21 [ "id" => 0 "name" => null "username" => null "email" => null "password" => "***r...
  • afterLoad (85.97KB) (282μs)
  • afterInitialise (1.14MB) (3.39ms)
  • afterRoute (123.27KB) (829μs)
  • beforeRenderComponent com_content (100.74KB) (435μs)
  • Before Access::preloadComponents (all components) (33.45KB) (205μs)
  • After Access::preloadComponents (all components) (107.06KB) (399μs)
  • Before Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (1.57KB) (9μs)
  • After Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (16.19MB) (19.83ms)
  • Before Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (480.08KB) (1.78ms)
  • After Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (7.36KB) (32μs)
  • afterRenderComponent com_content (412.32KB) (5.64ms)
  • afterDispatch (2.25KB) (55μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_articles_category (Banco de Circuitos) (423.23KB) (1.56ms)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_articles_category (Banco de Circuitos) (15.43KB) (321μs)
  • beforeRenderRawModule mod_finder (Busca_inteligente) (5.9KB) (89μs)
  • afterRenderRawModule mod_finder (Busca_inteligente) (63.1KB) (1.11ms)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_articles_category (Banco de Circuitos) (9.98KB) (581μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_articles_category (Banco de Circuitos) (5.39KB) (65μs)
  • beforeRenderModule mod_finder (Busca_inteligente) (6.39KB) (184μs)
  • afterRenderModule mod_finder (Busca_inteligente) (4.44KB) (48μs)
  • afterRender (288.8KB) (3.17ms)
  • 1 x After Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (16.19MB) (49.43%)
    19.83ms
    1 x afterRenderComponent com_content (412.32KB) (14.05%)
    5.64ms
    1 x afterInitialise (1.14MB) (8.45%)
    3.39ms
    1 x afterRender (288.8KB) (7.89%)
    3.17ms
    1 x Before Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (480.08KB) (4.44%)
    1.78ms
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_articles_category (Banco de Circuitos) (423.23KB) (3.9%)
    1.56ms
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_finder (Busca_inteligente) (63.1KB) (2.76%)
    1.11ms
    1 x afterRoute (123.27KB) (2.07%)
    829μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_articles_category (Banco de Circuitos) (9.98KB) (1.45%)
    581μs
    1 x beforeRenderComponent com_content (100.74KB) (1.08%)
    435μs
    1 x After Access::preloadComponents (all components) (107.06KB) (0.99%)
    399μs
    1 x afterRenderRawModule mod_articles_category (Banco de Circuitos) (15.43KB) (0.8%)
    321μs
    1 x afterLoad (85.97KB) (0.7%)
    282μs
    1 x Before Access::preloadComponents (all components) (33.45KB) (0.51%)
    205μs
    1 x beforeRenderModule mod_finder (Busca_inteligente) (6.39KB) (0.46%)
    184μs
    1 x beforeRenderRawModule mod_finder (Busca_inteligente) (5.9KB) (0.22%)
    89μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_articles_category (Banco de Circuitos) (5.39KB) (0.16%)
    65μs
    1 x afterDispatch (2.25KB) (0.14%)
    55μs
    1 x afterRenderModule mod_finder (Busca_inteligente) (4.44KB) (0.12%)
    48μs
    1 x After Access::getAssetRules (id:8 name:com_content) (7.36KB) (0.08%)
    32μs
    1 x Before Access::preloadPermissions (com_content) (1.57KB) (0.02%)
    9μs
23 statements were executed, 5 of which were duplicates, 18 unique10.98ms1.55MB
  • SELECT @@SESSION.sql_mode;32μs968B/libraries/src/Session/MetadataManager.php:184Copy
  • SELECT `session_id` FROM `incbmx_session` WHERE `session_id` = :session_id LIMIT 158μs1.31KBParams/libraries/src/Session/MetadataManager.php:187Copy
  • UPDATE `incbmx_session` SET `guest` = :guest , `time` = :time , `userid` = :user_id , `username` = :username , `client_id` = :client_id WHERE `session_id` = :session_id52μs992BParams/libraries/src/Session/MetadataManager.php:316Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`rules` FROM `incbmx_viewlevels`48μs608B/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:955Copy
  • SELECT `b`.`id` FROM `incbmx_usergroups` AS `a` LEFT JOIN `incbmx_usergroups` AS `b` ON `b`.`lft` <= `a`.`lft` AND `b`.`rgt` >= `a`.`rgt` WHERE `a`.`id` = :guest75μs1.64KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:868Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `incbmx_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `incbmx_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` <= `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt`) OR (`c`.`lft` < `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` < `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`213μs3.98KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`name`,`rules`,`parent_id` FROM `incbmx_assets` WHERE `name` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3,:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5,:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7,:preparedArray8,:preparedArray9,:preparedArray10,:preparedArray11,:preparedArray12,:preparedArray13,:preparedArray14,:preparedArray15,:preparedArray16,:preparedArray17,:preparedArray18,:preparedArray19,:preparedArray20,:preparedArray21,:preparedArray22,:preparedArray23,:preparedArray24,:preparedArray25,:preparedArray26,:preparedArray27,:preparedArray28,:preparedArray29,:preparedArray30,:preparedArray31,:preparedArray32,:preparedArray33,:preparedArray34,:preparedArray35,:preparedArray36,:preparedArray37,:preparedArray38,:preparedArray39)245μs7.44KBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:357Copy
  • SELECT `id`,`name`,`rules`,`parent_id` FROM `incbmx_assets` WHERE `name` LIKE :asset OR `name` = :extension OR `parent_id` = 07.73ms1.46MBParams/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:301Copy
  • SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `incbmx_assets`289μs2.02KB/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:587Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `incbmx_assets` WHERE `name` = 'com_content.article.3534'52μs912B/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:780Copy
  • SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `incbmx_content`253μs1.77KB/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:587Copy
  • UPDATE `incbmx_content` SET `hits` = (`hits` + 1) WHERE `id` = '3534'144μs48B/libraries/src/Table/Table.php:1348Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`asset_id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`alias`,`a`.`introtext`,`a`.`fulltext`,`a`.`state`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`created`,`a`.`created_by`,`a`.`created_by_alias`,`a`.`modified`,`a`.`modified_by`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`a`.`publish_up`,`a`.`publish_down`,`a`.`images`,`a`.`urls`,`a`.`attribs`,`a`.`version`,`a`.`ordering`,`a`.`metakey`,`a`.`metadesc`,`a`.`access`,`a`.`hits`,`a`.`metadata`,`a`.`featured`,`a`.`language`,`fp`.`featured_up`,`fp`.`featured_down`,`c`.`title` AS `category_title`,`c`.`alias` AS `category_alias`,`c`.`access` AS `category_access`,`c`.`language` AS `category_language`,`fp`.`ordering`,`u`.`name` AS `author`,`parent`.`title` AS `parent_title`,`parent`.`id` AS `parent_id`,`parent`.`path` AS `parent_route`,`parent`.`alias` AS `parent_alias`,`parent`.`language` AS `parent_language`,ROUND(`v`.`rating_sum` / `v`.`rating_count`, 1) AS `rating`,`v`.`rating_count` AS `rating_count` FROM `incbmx_content` AS `a` INNER JOIN `incbmx_categories` AS `c` ON `c`.`id` = `a`.`catid` LEFT JOIN `incbmx_content_frontpage` AS `fp` ON `fp`.`content_id` = `a`.`id` LEFT JOIN `incbmx_users` AS `u` ON `u`.`id` = `a`.`created_by` LEFT JOIN `incbmx_categories` AS `parent` ON `parent`.`id` = `c`.`parent_id` LEFT JOIN `incbmx_content_rating` AS `v` ON `a`.`id` = `v`.`content_id` WHERE ( (`a`.`id` = :pk AND `c`.`published` > 0) AND (`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown) AND `a`.`state` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)155μs22.13KBParams/components/com_content/src/Model/ArticleModel.php:215Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `incbmx_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `incbmx_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` <= `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt`) OR (`c`.`lft` < `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` < `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`184μs3.92KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `m`.`tag_id`,`t`.* FROM `incbmx_contentitem_tag_map` AS `m` INNER JOIN `incbmx_tags` AS `t` ON `m`.`tag_id` = `t`.`id` WHERE `m`.`type_alias` = :contentType AND `m`.`content_item_id` = :id AND `t`.`published` = 1 AND `t`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)222μs3.97KBParams/libraries/src/Helper/TagsHelper.php:388Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `incbmx_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `incbmx_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` <= `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt`) OR (`c`.`lft` < `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` < `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`162μs3.92KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT DISTINCT a.id, a.title, a.name, a.checked_out, a.checked_out_time, a.note, a.state, a.access, a.created_time, a.created_user_id, a.ordering, a.language, a.fieldparams, a.params, a.type, a.default_value, a.context, a.group_id, a.label, a.description, a.required, a.only_use_in_subform,l.title AS language_title, l.image AS language_image,uc.name AS editor,ag.title AS access_level,ua.name AS author_name,g.title AS group_title, g.access as group_access, g.state AS group_state, g.note as group_note FROM incbmx_fields AS a LEFT JOIN `incbmx_languages` AS l ON l.lang_code = a.language LEFT JOIN incbmx_users AS uc ON uc.id=a.checked_out LEFT JOIN incbmx_viewlevels AS ag ON ag.id = a.access LEFT JOIN incbmx_users AS ua ON ua.id = a.created_user_id LEFT JOIN incbmx_fields_groups AS g ON g.id = a.group_id LEFT JOIN `incbmx_fields_categories` AS fc ON fc.field_id = a.id WHERE ( (`a`.`context` = :context AND (`fc`.`category_id` IS NULL OR `fc`.`category_id` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2,:preparedArray3)) AND `a`.`access` IN (:preparedArray4,:preparedArray5)) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`access` IN (:preparedArray6,:preparedArray7)) AND `a`.`state` = :state) AND (`a`.`group_id` = 0 OR `g`.`state` = :gstate) AND `a`.`only_use_in_subform` = :only_use_in_subform ORDER BY a.ordering ASC372μs6.06KBParams/libraries/src/MVC/Model/BaseDatabaseModel.php:164Copy
  • SELECT `c`.`id`,`c`.`asset_id`,`c`.`access`,`c`.`alias`,`c`.`checked_out`,`c`.`checked_out_time`,`c`.`created_time`,`c`.`created_user_id`,`c`.`description`,`c`.`extension`,`c`.`hits`,`c`.`language`,`c`.`level`,`c`.`lft`,`c`.`metadata`,`c`.`metadesc`,`c`.`metakey`,`c`.`modified_time`,`c`.`note`,`c`.`params`,`c`.`parent_id`,`c`.`path`,`c`.`published`,`c`.`rgt`,`c`.`title`,`c`.`modified_user_id`,`c`.`version`, CASE WHEN CHAR_LENGTH(`c`.`alias`) != 0 THEN CONCAT_WS(':', `c`.`id`, `c`.`alias`) ELSE `c`.`id` END as `slug` FROM `incbmx_categories` AS `s` INNER JOIN `incbmx_categories` AS `c` ON (`s`.`lft` <= `c`.`lft` AND `c`.`lft` < `s`.`rgt`) OR (`c`.`lft` < `s`.`lft` AND `s`.`rgt` < `c`.`rgt`) WHERE (`c`.`extension` = :extension OR `c`.`extension` = 'system') AND `c`.`access` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2) AND `c`.`published` = 1 AND `s`.`id` = :id ORDER BY `c`.`lft`161μs3.92KBParams/libraries/src/Categories/Categories.php:375Copy
  • SELECT `name`,`element` FROM `incbmx_extensions` WHERE `type` = 'plugin' AND `folder` = 'finder' AND `enabled` = 1154μs656B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Helper/LanguageHelper.php:135Copy
  • SELECT `title` FROM `incbmx_finder_taxonomy` WHERE `parent_id` = 1 AND `state` = 1 AND `access` IN (1,5)90μs648B/administrator/components/com_finder/src/Indexer/Taxonomy.php:325Copy
  • SELECT * FROM `incbmx_schemaorg` WHERE `itemId` = :itemId AND `context` = :context55μs1.55KBParams/plugins/system/schemaorg/src/Extension/Schemaorg.php:403Copy
  • SELECT `a`.`id`,`a`.`asset_id`,`a`.`title`,`a`.`alias`,`a`.`introtext`,`a`.`fulltext`,`a`.`state`,`a`.`catid`,`a`.`created`,`a`.`created_by`,`a`.`created_by_alias`,`a`.`modified`,`a`.`modified_by`,`a`.`checked_out`,`a`.`checked_out_time`,`a`.`publish_up`,`a`.`publish_down`,`a`.`images`,`a`.`urls`,`a`.`attribs`,`a`.`version`,`a`.`ordering`,`a`.`metakey`,`a`.`metadesc`,`a`.`access`,`a`.`hits`,`a`.`metadata`,`a`.`featured`,`a`.`language`,`fp`.`featured_up`,`fp`.`featured_down`,`c`.`title` AS `category_title`,`c`.`alias` AS `category_alias`,`c`.`access` AS `category_access`,`c`.`language` AS `category_language`,`fp`.`ordering`,`u`.`name` AS `author`,`parent`.`title` AS `parent_title`,`parent`.`id` AS `parent_id`,`parent`.`path` AS `parent_route`,`parent`.`alias` AS `parent_alias`,`parent`.`language` AS `parent_language`,ROUND(`v`.`rating_sum` / `v`.`rating_count`, 1) AS `rating`,`v`.`rating_count` AS `rating_count` FROM `incbmx_content` AS `a` INNER JOIN `incbmx_categories` AS `c` ON `c`.`id` = `a`.`catid` LEFT JOIN `incbmx_content_frontpage` AS `fp` ON `fp`.`content_id` = `a`.`id` LEFT JOIN `incbmx_users` AS `u` ON `u`.`id` = `a`.`created_by` LEFT JOIN `incbmx_categories` AS `parent` ON `parent`.`id` = `c`.`parent_id` LEFT JOIN `incbmx_content_rating` AS `v` ON `a`.`id` = `v`.`content_id` WHERE ( (`a`.`id` = :pk AND `c`.`published` > 0) AND (`a`.`publish_up` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_up` <= :publishUp)) AND (`a`.`publish_down` IS NULL OR `a`.`publish_down` >= :publishDown) AND `a`.`state` IN (:preparedArray1,:preparedArray2)157μs22.17KBParams/components/com_content/src/Model/ArticleModel.php:215Copy
  • SELECT SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`next_execution` <= :now THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS due_count,SUM(CASE WHEN `a`.`locked` IS NULL THEN 0 ELSE 1 END) AS locked_count FROM `incbmx_scheduler_tasks` AS `a` WHERE `a`.`state` = 171μs1.37KBParams/administrator/components/com_scheduler/src/Model/TasksModel.php:465Copy
  • warningassets - No asset found for com_content.article.3534, falling back to com_content
  • warningassets - No asset found for com_content.article.3534, falling back to com_content
  • warningassets - No asset found for com_content.article.3534, falling back to com_content
  • warningassets - No asset found for com_content.article.3534, falling back to com_content
  • warningassets - No asset found for com_content.article.3534, falling back to com_content
  • warningassets - No asset found for com_content.article.3534, falling back to com_content
  • warningassets - No asset found for com_content.article.3534, falling back to com_content
  • warningassets - No asset found for com_content.article.3534, falling back to com_content
  • warningassets - No asset found for com_content.article.3534, falling back to com_content
  • warningassets - No asset found for com_content.article.3534, falling back to com_content