Decimos que las resistores, lámparas u otros dispositivos están conectados en serie cuando la corriente pasa a través de ellos en secuencia.

Cuando conectamos resistores en serie, como se muestra en la figura 1, la resistencia resultante que obtenemos es equivalente a la suma de las resistencias de los resistores asociadas.

Vea que conectar "en serie" es hacer que la misma corriente pase a través de uno tras otro. En este ejemplo tomamos la asociación de resistores de 10, 20 y 30 ohms, lo que resulta en una resistencia total de 60 ohms.

 

 

Figura 1 - Asociación de resistores en serie
Figura 1 - Asociación de resistores en serie

 

 

Podemos escribir la siguiente fórmula para calcular el resistor equivalente a una asociación de resistores en serie:

 

R - R1 + R2 + R3 + ....... + Rn (f3.7)

 

Dónde: R es la resistencia equivalente (en ohms)

 

R1, R2, R3… Rn son las resistencias de los resistores asociadas (en ohms)

 

 

Propiedades de la Asociación de Series:

a) Todos los resistores son atravesados por la misma intensidad de corriente

b) El resistor más grande disipa más calor

c) La resistencia equivalente es mayor del que el mayor resistor asociado

d) El resistor más grande está sometida a la tensión más alta

 

Tenga en cuenta que, para la última propiedad, si conectamos una asociación de resistores a una fuente de tensión, la tensión de esa fuente se dividirá proporcionalmente entre los resistores, como puede hacer en la figura 2.

 

 

Figura 2 - El divisor resistivo de tensión
Figura 2 - El divisor resistivo de tensión | Haga click en la imagen para ampliar |

 

 

Esta propiedad es importante porque nos permite utilizar resistores conectadas en serie como "divisores de tensión ".

Podemos obtener tensiones más pequeños de un circuito simplemente eligiendo adecuadamente los valores de los resistores que conectaremos en serie.

En la figura 3 tenemos un ejemplo donde obtenemos una tensión de 8 V de una fuente de 12 V usando resistores.

 

 

 Figura 3 - Obtención de 8 V de una fuente de 12 V
Figura 3 - Obtención de 8 V de una fuente de 12 V

 

 

Por supuesto, el cálculo de un divisor puede ser mucho más complicado en la práctica que la simple división proporcional, porque hay que tener en cuenta la corriente que debe ser suministrada al circuito que será alimentado por el divisor.

Del libro Curso Básico de Electrónica de Newton C. Braga.

 

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