El barómetro es el instrumento utilizado en la medida de la presión atmosférica. La unidad es el Bar, pero normalmente se utiliza el milésimo del Bar, o milibar o aún se utiliza el Pascal (Pa), siendo expresadas las presiones en hectopascal (hPa) en los barómetros comunes. También se expresa la presión atmosférica en milímetros de mercurio con base en los primeros barómetros que consistían en una columna de mercurio, como muestra la figura 1.


 

 

 

 

   Se verificó que emborcando un tubo de mercurio él sólo podía subir hasta una cierta altura, que estaba directamente relacionada con la presión atmosférica. Así, a nivel del mar la presión, considerada normal, corresponde a una columna de 760 mm de mercurio. Los modernos barómetros se basan en sensores electrónicos, proporcionando la indicación en la forma digital, como muestra la figura 2.


 

 

 

 

      Los barómetros se pueden utilizar para evaluar las condiciones del tiempo, ya que la presión varía según los cambios de tiempo, así como para determinar la altura en una ascensión o en un lugar. No confundir barómetro con manómetro que también mide la presión pero de un recipiente o conducto cerrado.

 

Nota: La palabra "baros" en griego significa "peso", así que el barómetro es un instrumento que mide el "peso" del aire en la atmósfera, o sea, la presión que él hace.

 

 

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