Amperímetros son instrumentos destinados a la medición de corrientes eléctricas. En su forma más simple podemos usar un galvanómetro común para ese propósito, ligándolo en serie con el circuito en el cual deseamos saber la corriente, como muestra la figura 1.


 

 

 

 

Si el fondo de escala del galvanómetro es mucho menor que la intensidad de la corriente medida, por ejemplo, deseamos medir hasta 100 mA con un instrumento que tenga un fondo de escala de 1 mA, necesitamos derivar el exceso de corriente, como muestra la figura 2.


 

 

 

 

 

Para la derivación usamos un "shunt" o resistencia de derivación que se calcula por la siguiente fórmula:

 

 


 

 

    Las corrientes deben ser medidas en la misma unidad y las resistencias en ohms.

   Un tipo moderno de amperímetro es el que permite la realización de la medición sin que el circuito necesite ser interrumpido. Se trata del amperímetro tipo "alicate", mostrado en la figura 3.

 


 

 

 

   Este instrumento mide la corriente con base en el campo magnético que crea y que es "captado" por una bobina que envuelve al conductor cuando se utiliza.

   Los multímetros comunes poseen escalas para la medida de corriente funcionando como amperímetros, miliamperímetros y microamperímetros.

 

 

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