Tabla de Resistividades de Materiales (ρ ) (ALM052S)

Written by: Newton C. Braga
Category: Banco de Informaciones - Almanaque

 

  La resistividad de un material caracteriza sus propiedades conductoras de electricidad. No es la resistencia, pues la resistencia depende de la pieza conductora en su totalidad. La resistividad, por otro lado, describe las características del material posibilitando el cálculo de cuál será la resistencia de un conductor de determinada forma y dimensiones hecho con este material. Cuanto menor sea la resistividad de un material, mejor conductor será. Así, en la tabla, vemos que el mejor conductor es la plata y lo peor es el grafito.

Material Resistividad (ohms.m.mm2)
Aluminio 0,029
Antimnio 0,417
Bronce 0,067
Plomo 0,22
Cobre puro 0,0162
Constantan 0,5
Estaño 0,115
Grafito 13
Hierro puro 0,096
Latón 0,067
Mercúrio 0,96
Nicromo 1,1
Níquel 0,087
Oro 0,024
Plata 0,0158
Tungstenio 0,055
Zinc 0,056

 

   Para utililizar la fórmula, multiplicamos la resistividad por la longitud y dividimos por el área de la sección recta del conductor. Por ejemplo, un dato de nicromo de 2 metros de longitud y sección de 0,4 mm2 tendrá una resistencia de:

R = 1,1 x 2 / 0,4 = 5,5 ohms.

 

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