Bel (B) es una unidad utilizada para expresar la relación entre dos cantidades de la misma naturaleza (potencia, corriente o tensión) de forma logarítmica.

Las fórmulas dadas a continuación se usan para calcular las relaciones de potencia, tensión o corriente en decibel (dB) donde 1 dB = 0.1 B. El decibel se deriva de logaritmos comunes (base 10).

Nota: Como el decibel es una unidad de comparación (no un valor absoluto), en algunos casos se debe indicar un nivel de referencia. Cuando se trabaja con amplificadores, por ejemplo, es común adoptar un nivel de referencia de 1 mW a 600 ohms.

Si se usa 1 mW como referencia, la letra "m" se agrega al dB, que se convierte en dBm.

 

Fórmula 1

 

dB = 10log ( Pout / Pin )

 

Dónde:

dB es la ganancia o pérdida de potencia (número puro)

Log es el logaritmo común de la expresión (base 10)

Pout es la potencia de salida en watts (W)

Pin es la potencia de entrada en watts (W)

 

 

Formula 2

 

dB = 20 log ( Vout / Vin )

 

Dónde:

dB es la ganancia o pérdida de voltaje (número puro)

Log es el logaritmo común de la expresión (base 10)

Vout es el voltaje de salida en volts (V)

Vin es el voltaje de entrada en volts (V)

 

 

Formula 3

 

dB = 20log ( Iout / Iin )

 

Dónde:

dB es la ganancia o pérdida actual en amperes (A)

Log es el logaritmo común de la expresión (base 10)

Iin es la corriente de entrada de amperes (A)

Iout es la corriente de salida en amperes (A)

 

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