Esta fuente de alimentación solo utiliza componentes pasivos (sin transistores o circuitos integrados) y, aun así, puede suministrar tensiones con buena regulación en pasos de 0.7 V y una corriente de salida de hasta 200 mA. Hay 5 tensiones indicadas en el diagrama y pueden usarse incluso simultáneamente, si los dispositivos alimentados, en su totalidad, no necesitan más que la corriente indicada. El circuito consta de un rectificador, un filtro y luego un sistema reductor que aprovecha la caída de tensión en la dirección directa de un diodo en conducción. Esta tensión varía entre 0.6 y 0.7 V por diodo, lo que permite escalar el rango de tensión indicado con una tolerancia entre 10% y 20% típicamente. El filtrado de la fuente es bueno, lo que permite alimentar dispositivos pequeños que normalmente usan una o dos baterías. El transformador tiene un devanado primario de acuerdo con la red eléctrica, es decir, 110 V o 220 V. El secundario es de 6 + 6 V con corrientes de 200 mA a 500 mA, el capacitor C1 debe tener una tensión de funcionamiento de 12 V o más y el resistor R1 deben tener al menos 2 W de disipación. Los diodos son 1N4002 o equivalentes. Para la salida, depende del lector elegir el modo de conexión a los circuitos externos. Una salida es el uso de terminales con las tensiones identificadas, donde se conectarían enchufes con cables y pinzas de cocodrilo. Lo común va al terminal negro y el rojo al terminal con la tensión deseado. Otra posibilidad de montaje es usar un interruptor selector. Para usar, simplemente elija la salida deseada y el punto de cero voltios que se usará cuando se conecte al circuito externo. Antes de usar la fuente, si desea una buena precisión de indicación, verifique con el multímetro la tensión real que se obtiene en cada salida. Si el voltaje cae mucho al encender un electrodoméstico, es una señal de que exige una corriente más alta que la que puede suministrar la fuente.

 

Fuente escalonada de baja tensión
Fuente escalonada de baja tensión

 

 

 

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