La finalidad de este circuito es temporizar una lámpara de alta potencia (incandescente) o elemento de calentamiento. El circuito se puede utilizar con luz de entrada o incluso en sistemas de calefacción. El tiempo dependerá sólo de un componente que puede cambiar entre pocos segundos hasta varios minutos.

El circuito del temporizador se muestra en la figura 1

 


 

 

Este circuito tiene un sector de alta tensión que corresponde al accionamiento de la lámpara a través de un SCR y un sector de baja tensión para la alimentación del circuito integrado.

En el caso de que los circuitos tengan un terreno común, la alta tensión del sector del SCR en realidad "no pasa" al sector de baja tensión, manteniendo así la integridad del circuito integrado CMOS.

Cuando se presiona el interruptor de presión, se descarga C2. Con la descarga, la salida de las tres puertas NAND conectadas en paralelo del 4093 va al nivel alto disparando el SCR. Con eso la lámpara se enciende.

Tan pronto como dejamos de presionar S2, el capacitor se carga lentamente, a una velocidad ajustada en P1.

A medida que el capacitor se carga, cae la tensión en el CI hasta el momento en que ocurre la conmutación y con ello la salida de las tres puertas vuelve al nivel bajo, apagando el SCR.

Observando que, con el uso de un SCR tenemos el control de media onda lo que hace que la lámpara no se mantenga encendida con el brillo máximo.

Si el lector desea un control de onda completa puede añadir al circuito un puente rectificador como muestra la figura 2.

 

Figura 2
Figura 2

 

 

También no se deben utilizar lámparas que no sean incandescentes, ya que el circuito se indica sólo para cargas resistivas.

El SCR debe estar dotado de un disipador de calor. El sufijo será B si la red es de 110 V y D si la red es de 220 V.

La potencia máxima controlada para el SCR indicado es del orden de 200 W.

El intervalo máximo de temporización obtenido llega cerca de 1 hora, pero se debe utilizar un capacitor de excelente calidad para que las fugas eventuales no afecten la temporización.

Para una temporización "inversa", basta cambiar de posición S2 / C2 con P1 / R1, como muestra la figura 3.

 

Figura 3
Figura 3

 

En este caso, la lámpara se apaga cuando se presiona S2 para volver a encenderse al final de la temporización ajustada.

 

CI-1 - 4093 - circuito integrado CMOS

D1, D2 - 1N4002 - diodos rectificadores

SCR1 - TIC106B (D) - diodo controlado de silicio

T1 - Transformador con primario según la red local y secundaria de 9 + 9 V x 200 mA o más

C1 - 1000 uF x 16 V - capacitor electrolítico

C2 - 100 uF a 1 000 uF x 12 V - capacitor electrolítico

R1 - 10 k ohms x 1/8 W - resistor - marrón, negro, naranja

R2 - 4,7 k ohms x 1/8 W - resistor - amarillo, violeta, rojo

R3 - 22 k ohms x 1/8 W - resistor - rojo, rojo, naranja

X1 - lámpara incandescente de 5 a 200 W

S1 - Interruptor simple

S2 - Interruptor de presión NA

F1 - Fusible de 1 A

 

Varios:

Placa de circuito impreso, caja para montaje, radiador de calor para el SCR, botón para el potenciómetro, cable de fuerza, soporte para el fusible, zócalo para la lámpara, hilos, soldadura, etc.

 

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