Este es uno de los muchos artículos en el sitio en que abordamos las Figuras de Lissajous y sus aplicaciones en la electrónica. En este artículo, de una documentación nuestra de 1986, que está disponible en forma de libro para descargar en el sitio, analizamos el modo de utilizar un osciloscopio y un generador de audio / RF o de funciones para determinar la frecuencia de una señal sinusoidal.

   Si el lector dispone de un osciloscopio, la utilización del generador de señales produciendo formas de onda senoidales consiste en una excelente manera de determinar la frecuencia de una señal desconocida.

   Podemos trabajar tanto con señales en la pista de audio como de RF dependiendo del tipo de osciloscopio.

   En la figura 1 tenemos la manera de conectar los diversos aparatos para esta comprobación.

 

Figura 1
Figura 1

 

 

   Cuando las señales están en la misma frecuencia, dependiendo de la diferencia de fase tendremos una de las siguientes formas de imagen observadas en el osciloscopio y mostradas en la figura 2.

 


 

 

 

   Si una de las señales tiene el doble de la frecuencia del otro, tendremos las imágenes mostradas en la figura 3.

 

Figura 3
Figura 3

 

 

   Para señales con la relación de frecuencias de 3 a 2 tenemos las formas de imágenes observadas en la figura 4.

 

Figura 4
Figura 4

 

 

    En el caso de los lobos formados en la vertical de la figura y contando los lobos formados en la horizontal, tenemos la relación entre las frecuencias de las señales que se aplican al osciloscopio.

 

   Para una mejor observación el ajuste debe ser hecho de modo que la imagen se estabilice.

 

   Estas figuras formadas en la pantalla del osciloscopio que son resultantes de dos funciones senoidales reciben el nombre de "Figuras de Lissajous" y se constituyen en un recurso técnico de gran importancia para la instrumentación electrónica.

 

 

Conclusión

 

   El generador de audio, el generador de funciones y el generador de señales son instrumentos de gran utilidad en el taller, pero es necesario saber cuándo usar cada forma de señal producida e incluso aprovecharse de los recursos dados por otros instrumentos. Un laboratorio bien equipado es de vital importancia para el técnico profesional.

                      

 

 

 

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