Este circuito se puede utilizar como alarma de toque, en automatismos y robótica, accionando un relé desde el toque en un sensor. El circuito tiene bloqueo, permaneciendo encendido después del tacto.

Un toque en el sensor y el SCR dispara, accionando una carga por tiempo indefinido.

Para apagar el circuito, basta con interrumpir la alimentación por un momento.

El circuito es indicado para alimentación 12 V, pero funcionará con relés de 6 V si se alimenta con 9 V, pues necesitamos compensar los 2 V de caída de tensión en el SCR.

El circuito es extremadamente sensible, ya que utiliza un transistor Darlington en el disparo.

La alimentación debe ser hecha por batería o fuente, pero la fuente debe ser del tipo aislado.

Nunca utilice fuente sin transformador para alimentar este circuito.

En la figura 1 tenemos el circuito completo del sistema de disparo por tacto.

 

Figura 1 - Diagrama completo del sensor de tacto
Figura 1 - Diagrama completo del sensor de tacto | Haga click en la imagen para ampliar |

 

El montaje puede realizarse utilizando un pequeño puente de terminales aislados, como se muestra en la figura 2.

 

Figura 2 - Montaje en puente de terminales
Figura 2 - Montaje en puente de terminales | Haga click en la imagen para ampliar |

 

En ausencia del transistor Darlington original, se pueden utilizar dos BC548 que se montarán como se muestra en la figura 3.

 

Figura 3 - Sustitución del transistor Darlington
Figura 3 - Sustitución del transistor Darlington | Haga click en la imagen para ampliar |

 

En el montaje, observe la posición de los transistores, SCR y la polaridad del condensador electrolítico.

Los resistores son de 1/8 W con cualquier tolerancia y el condensador electrolítico para 16 V o más.

El sensor puede ser una placa de metal de hasta 10 x 10 cm y el cable de conexión debe ser corto (máximo 50 cm).

Para hilos más grandes, se debe utilizar un cable blindado.

La garra debe ser conectada a la tierra oa un objeto mayor de metal, si el circuito tiene su sensibilidad reducida.

En la figura 4 tenemos un sensor de péndulo que se puede utilizar con este circuito en una alarma de balance.

 

Figura 4 - Un sensor de péndulo
Figura 4 - Un sensor de péndulo | Haga click en la imagen para ampliar |

 

 

SCR - TIC106 - SCR con cualquier sufijo

Q1 - BC517 o dos BC548 - ver texto - transistor Darlington

D1 - 1N4148 - diodo de uso general

K1 - Relé de 12 V con hasta 50 mA de corriente de bobina - ver texto

C1 - 100 uF - capacitor electrolítico

R1 - 100 k ohms - resistor - marrón, negro, amarillo

R2 - 1 k ohms - resistor - marrón, negro, rojo

S1 - Interruptor simple

X1, X2 - sensor y garra - ver texto

Varios:

Puente de terminales, fuente de 12 V, caja para montaje, hilos, soldadura, etc.

 

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