Dimmers, Controles de Potencia o Controles de Intensidad Luminosa son dispositivos que permiten controlar linealmente el brillo de una lámpara incandescente a partir de un control rotativo (figura 1).

 

Figura 1 - Un dimmer comercial.
Figura 1 - Un dimmer comercial.

 

Los dimmers contienen circuitos electrónicos basados en dispositivos semiconductores denominados TRIAC y pueden controlar potencias que típicamente van hasta los 400 W, pero sólo de lámparas incandescentes.

La instalación de un dimmer es muy simple, como podemos observar en la figura 2.

 

Figura 2 - Instalación de un dimmer.
Figura 2 - Instalación de un dimmer.

 

Basta con retirar el interruptor común que existe en el control de una lámpara y en su lugar conectar el dimmer, que tiene también sólo dos hilos de conexión.

El cuidado mayor es con los aislamientos de los hilos, que no pueden apoyarse unos en los otros o en las partes metálicas de la caja embutida en la pared. Para aislar estas enmiendas de hilos, se debe utilizar cinta aislante o puntas plásticas de enmiendas.

Algunos tipos no necesitan enmiendas, pues poseen terminales de encaje donde los hilos empotrados son fijados por medio de tornillos como en los interruptores comunes.

Al adquirir un dimmer se deben realizar dos verificaciones importantes:

a) Si soporta la potencia de la lámpara o conjunto de lámparas que se desea controlar.

b) Si la tensión de funcionamiento es la de su red de energía. Observe que un dimmer para la red de 220 V también funciona en la red de 110 V, pero uno para la red de 110 V no soporta la tensión de la red de 220 V.

Importante: Nunca utilice atenuadores con aparatos electrónicos o lámparas de LEDs,fluorescentes y electrónicas.

 

Nota importante: Cuando este artículo fue escrito todavía no estaban en vigor las normas NBR5410 (Brasil) que establecieron diversos cambios para la manera como las instalaciones eléctricas deben ser hechas y también para el formato de las tomas de fuerza, con la adopción del tercer pino. Artículo sobre estas normas deberá estar disponible en el sitio. Los conceptos dados valen para instalaciones eléctricas antiguas, como todavía se encuentran en muchos lugares de nuestro país. Para instalaciones nuevas, los lectores deben consultar las normas vigentes.

 

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